Diagnosis by consensus: A case study in the importance of interdisciplinary interpretation of mummified remains

Abstract

ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to demonstrate the need for interdisciplinary consensus and inclusion of mummy radiology specialists in analyses of mummified remains. MaterialsThis study uses paleoimaging data for an ancient Egyptian mummy at the Museum of Human Anatomy “Filippo Civinini”. MethodsThis study demonstrates the benefit of evaluation of mummified remains in a multi-disciplinary interpretive team. ResultsThe authors propose a diagnosis of DISH, additional signs of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, and lumbarisation of S1. ConclusionsThe process of diagnosis by consensus is essential to the analysis of mummified remains, which are complexly altered through natural and anthropogenic processes in the millennia subsequent to the individual’s death. SignificanceMummy paleoimaging and paleopathology lacks a unifying set of standards. We present an example of the value to be found in the multi-disciplinary diagnosis by consensus approach. LimitationsWe discuss numerous challenges to accurate and meaningful interpretation that radiography of mummified remains pose. Suggestions for Further ResearchWhile the authors do not seek to impose any single set of standards, we do recommend a larger discussion on the topic of (culture-specific) standardisation in mummy paleoimaging and paleopathology. We further recommend the development of an international, multi-disciplinary panel of paleoimaging interpreters.