Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a common secondary condition of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is characterized by the appearance of antiphospholipid antibodies in the circulation, thrombosis, and pathological pregnancy. Patients with lupus nephritis (LN) complicated with APS are prone to more complications, have poor prognosis, and are less sensitive to treatment. Treatments of anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet are the key to the therapy of LN with APS, and plasma exchange has a certain effect in patients with severe APS. In recent years, new drugs and treatments such as rivaroxaban, rituximab, and stem cell transplantation have shown great therapeutic potential. The integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine is another promising treatment, and many famous traditional Chinese medicine doctors believe that the promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis therapy is effective in treating LN patients complicated with APS. Modern clinical and pharmacological studies have also found the value of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of LN complicated with APS. Key words: Lupus nephritis; Antiphospholipid syndrome; Integrated Chinese and western medicine; Diagnosis and treatment
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