Abstract

目的 探讨小儿支气管异物合并单侧肺不张的临床诊断和治疗方法。 方法 回顾2015年1月至2017年1月郑州儿童医院耳鼻咽喉科(老院区)收治的1 442例气管支气管异物患儿的临床资料,其中28例合并单侧完全性阻塞性肺不张(白肺),分析其临床特征、手术技巧及预后。 结果 28例肺不张患儿术后证实均为异物堵塞所致,22例为左侧异物,6例右侧异物。均全身麻醉下经硬性支气管镜取出异物,术中异物取出后见大量脓性分泌物溢出,吸出脓液后行肺泡灌洗,术后抗感染治疗5~7 d,痊愈出院。术中心搏停止3例,及时行心肺复苏,无术后严重并发症,无气管切开及死亡病例。 结论 小儿呼吸道异物病情急危,支气管异物合并单侧肺不张时常常导致健侧单肺通气,术中患儿对缺氧不耐受,气喘、呼吸困难等临床症状较单纯异物堵塞更加严重,治疗不及时或处理不当常可危及生命。儿童左侧支气管内径较右侧细小,且与气管纵轴延长线的角度较大,一旦异物堵塞、脓性分泌物难以排出,这也可能是本组左侧异物并发肺不张发生率高于右侧的原因。支气管异物合并肺不张围手术期危险性更加严重,明确诊断、评估手术风险及围手术期并发症可提高治愈率,降低病死率。

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