Diagnosis and modern treatment methods for hepatic hemangioma (literature review)

Abstract

Background. Hepatic hemangioma is the most common form among benign liver tumors. The vast majority is asymptomatic, usually detected accidentally during screening. A thorough study is required to distinguish it from other local liver pathologies, therefore, in the review paper below we have analyzed important issues during the diagnosis and treatment of liver hemangioma in international experience. The aim of this study differentiation of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of liver hemangioma in clinical practice. Material and methods. In the review work, a literature review of randomized, meta-analyses, clinical trials and international clinical recommendations in English and Russian, published only from January 2010 to August 2023 in bibliographic and other electronic medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, GoogleScholarship, Springer, rare clinical cases were carried out. Criteria for inclusion in the study: 1) full-text research published in the database; 2) research in English or Russian; 3) research carried out or published in the last 2010-2023 years. Conclusions. As the most common benign liver tumor, the incidence of hepatic hemangioma during autopsy is from 0.4 to 20%. Most hepatic hemangiomas are asymptomatic, small-sized forms do not require intervention. Liver hemangioma can be easily diagnosed using ultrasound, or cop phase spiral contrast computer tomography. An indication for surgical resection is a feeling of progressive pain in the abdomen and a size of more than 5 cm. Some patients also have giant hemangiomas with minimal symptomatic. Giant hemangiomas (>10cm) are most often manifested by symptoms and require mandatory surgical intervention. The most commonly used method for the treatment of hemangiomas today is transaortic embolization, surgical resection. But to date, there is no consensus on the best treatment for patients with symptomatic and/or large hemangiomas.