Diagnosis and Management of Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Abstract

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypic multisystem autoimmune disorder with a wide range of clinical presentations impacting almost all organs and tissues, such extreme heterogeneity suggests that SLE represents a syndrome rather than a single disease. Although the precise etiologic mechanism is unknown, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, as well as immune abnormalities, have been detected. Associations between lupus onset and age, sex, geography, and race have also been established. Aim of the work: This review will focus on advances in the diagnosis and management of SLE. Conclusion: The diagnosis of SLE must be based on the proper constellation of clinical findings and laboratory evidence. Management of this disease should be individualized and should include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities for symptom relief and resolution as well as improved quality of life.