Diagnosis and management of persistent posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain secondary to implant therapy: A review

Abstract

Dental implants are used to replace missing teeth for restoration of function and esthetics. Implant dentistry is practiced around the world. In the United States, the prevalence of dental implants has increased from 0.7% in 1999 through 2000 to over 5% in 2015 through 2016, with the predicted increase in implant placement approaching 23% in 2026. 1 Elani H.W. Starr J.R. Da Silva J.D. Gallucci G.O. Trends in dental implant use in the U.S., 1999-2016, and projections to 2026. J Dent Res. 2018; 97: 1424-1430 Crossref PubMed Scopus (78) Google Scholar As the placement of dental implants increases, it is imperative to consider the possible complications. Surgical complications such as hemorrhage (≈24%) and neurosensory disturbances (≈7%) are possible, with a combined incidence of 30%. 2 Goodacre C.J. Bernal G. Rungcharassaeng K. Kan J.Y. Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 90: 121-132 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (658) Google Scholar Chronic pain, such as posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain (PTNP) secondary to implant placement, has been reported; however, the prevalence is unclear. 3 Korczeniewska O.A. Eliav E. Benoliel R. Neuropathic rofacial pain. in: Farah C.S. Balasubramaniam R. McCullough M.J. Contemporary Oral Medicine: A Comprehensive Approach to Clinical Practice. Springer International Publishing, New York NY2018: 1-75 Crossref Google Scholar The patients have variable clinical manifestations, routinely reporting symptoms of persistent pain secondary to implant therapy. This is accompanied with positive or negative sensory abnormalities, which interfere with routine activities like mastication, eating, and speaking. These complications can jeopardize the success of the implant and potentially impact the patient’s life. Dr. Kohli is an orofacial pain resident, Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ. Dr. Katzmann is an orofacial pain resident, Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ. Dr. Benoliel is a professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ. Dr. Korczeniewska is an assistant professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Room D-830, 110 Bergen St, Newark, NJ 07101.