Abstract
Oncologic emergencies may be seen in any emergency department and will become more frequent as our population ages and more patients receive chemotherapy. Life-saving interventions are available for certain oncologic emergencies if the diagnosis is made in a timely fashion. In this article we will cover neutropenic fever, tumor lysis syndrome, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and hyperviscosity syndrome. After reading this article the reader should be much more confident in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of these oncologic emergencies.
Highlights
Oncologic emergencies are common in emergency medicine (EM)
Much as in other diseases seen in EM, a continuum exists in Neutropenic fever (NF) such that some patients will be at much higher risk of developing sepsis and its related morbidity and mortality
In the past few years, a new scoring system referred to as CISNE (Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia – see Table 4)[29] has been developed, and early literature comparing MASCC and CISNE has been promising in terms of equivalence.[30,31]
Summary
Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia. Oncologic emergencies may be seen in any emergency department and will become more frequent as our population ages and more patients receive chemotherapy. Life-saving interventions are available for certain oncologic emergencies if the diagnosis is made in a timely fashion. In this article we will cover neutropenic fever, tumor lysis syndrome, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and hyperviscosity syndrome. After reading this article the reader should be much more confident in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of these oncologic emergencies. After reading this article the reader should be much more confident in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of these oncologic emergencies. [West J Emerg Med. 2019;20(2)316–322.]
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