Diagnosis and management of grade II acromioclavicular joint separation

Abstract

An acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation or sprain is a traumatic separation or compression of the AC joint causing the capsular holding elements and soft to be stretched beyond their plastic limit. Acromioclavicular joint separation is most commonly caused by direct trauma to the shoulder. The signs and symptoms are local tenderness over the AC joint; a typical painful range of motion (ROM) and, in the case of a serious (grade III) sprain, obvious anatomical deformity. Diagnosis is made by the history of the complaint; observation; local digital palpation; orthopaedic and ROM tests and by diagnostic imaging. The degree of AC joint separation is classified by three grades of increasing severity. This single case report documents successful conservative management of a severe grade II injury. Diagnostic classification is discussed together with treatment options.