Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine/metabolic disorder of childhood, with important consequences for physical and emotional development. It is caused by a deficiency of insulin secretion (type 1 diabetes), or decreased insulin action (type 2 diabetes of youth), or both (see the section on other recognizable types of diabetes). Hyperglycemia, caused by abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, is the hallmark finding of all types of childhood diabetes. In addition to hyperglycemia, untreated diabetes results in altered metabolism of protein and fat, which can negatively impact growth and development. Early detection and treatment of diabetes in children is imperative, and correct classification ensures that disease-specific therapy is utilized.
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