Abstract
The past 45 yr’ experience with Cushing’s syndrome (CS) has led to the awareness of its complex nature and, by the same token, brought about an increase in the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. We carried out a retrospective multicentre study on the diagnostic work-up and treatment in 426 patients with CS, subdivided as follows: 288 with Cushing’s disease (CD), 80 with an adrenal adenoma, 24 with an adrenal carcinoma, 25 with ectopic ACTH and/or CRH secretion, and 9 with ACTH-independent nodular adrenal hyperplasia. Normal urinary free cortisol (UFC) values among multiple collections were recorded in about 10% of patients with CS. In 28% of patients with ACTH-independent CS, basal ACTH concentrations were within the normal range but did not respond to CRH stimulation. Measurement of ACTH levels by immunoradiometric assay, rather than by RIA, offered a greater chance of recognizing patients with ACTH-independent CS or ectopic secretion. A 50% increase in ACTH or cortisol levels after CRH yielded a diagn...
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