Diagnosis and Imaging: MR

Abstract

Fecal incontinence is a frequent condition that is evaluated with several instrumental techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MR can be performed with endoanal or external phased-array coil. Defecation studies are also possible with dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor. MRI has assumed an important role in the evaluation of patients with fecal incontinence because it provides a detailed multiplanar imaging, producing high-contrast and spatial-resolution images of the sphincter complex and the pelvic floor and accurate dynamic imaging of defecation, without radiation exposure. MRI provides an accurate depiction of anal sphincter and pelvic floor anatomy with evaluation of muscle integrity, and it is a valuable tool to assess functional abnormalities of the pelvic floor as well. Either endoanal or external phased-array MRI can be used to evaluate muscle integrity with comparable results, while dynamic imaging is a complementary tool to assess if pelvic floor prolapse (bladder, uterine, or rectal) is associated. This information is of main diagnostic importance in evaluating fecal incontinence and aid treatment decision-making.