Abstract
Fuel injectors are the most damage-sensitive component of the diesel fuel injection system in self-ignition engines. Therefore, an important issue is their diagnosis for the proper assessment of their wear condition. The paper presents a method involving the use of an image from a thermal imaging camera to assess the technical condition of injectors used in common rail injection systems. Four injectors, whose technical condition was known, were tested. Three of them were characterized by a common fault they had damaged control valve seats, while one of the injectors was fully functional. In order to precisely assess their technical condition, the injectors were tested on a test bench. While the injectors were working, the temperature of the body in the place of the control valve was measured at a constant time interval. The conducted research has shown that there is a relationship between the rate of temperature rise of the damaged injectors’ body and their maximum temperatures, and the injection dose expenditure and the overflow expenditure.
Highlights
The internal combustion engine is one of the emitters of environmental pollutants, especially its atmosphere
The observed tendencies in the development of internal combustion engines, related to the consequences of the requirements of energy management, concern limiting the emission of CO2, the decrease of which is possible by drastic reduction of fuel consumption by these engines
Knowing the characteristics of the injectors and having the information on the injectors in which the control valve ball seats were damaged, it is possible to verify the validity of using thermal imaging methods to diagnose the technical condition of the injectors without dismantling them
Summary
The internal combustion engine is one of the emitters of environmental pollutants, especially its atmosphere. The common rail (CR) injection system commonly used today provides a more favorable injection pattern at lower fuel pressures than other injection systems due to the rectangular and dose-divided injection pattern achieved by maintaining a nearly constant pressure in the reservoir This system makes it possible to select an individual dose of fuel for each cylinder while meeting the condition of quick response to changes in operating conditions of the. The high-pressure pump operates in volumetric control mode, i.e. for each subsequent injection the dose and specified injection pressure is selected This provides new possibilities in fuel metering control. During general engine condition tests, checks are performed to assess the correct functioning of the engine These include: - inspection of ease of engine starting, - measurement of engine power, - check of the uniformity of engine operation, - evaluation of the noise level of the engine, - evaluation of smoke emission. This non-invasive, relatively easy to apply method can be successfully used for preliminary diagnostics of fuel injectors referring to both the assessment of their technical condition and preliminary selection of injectors [2]
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