Abstract
Abstract. Simultaneous ground-based measurements of ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) were conducted in March 2005 as part of the East Asian Regional Experiment (EAREX) 2005 under the umbrella of the Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC) project. Multiple air quality monitoring networks were integrated by performing intercomparison of individual calibration standards and measurement techniques to ensure comparability of ambient measurements, along with providing consistently high time-resolution measurements of O3 and CO at the surface sites in East Asia. Ambient data collected from eight surface stations were compared with simulation results obtained by a regional chemistry transport model to infer recent changes in CO emissions from East Asia. Our inverse estimates of the CO emissions from China up to 2005 suggested an increase of 16% since 2001, in good agreement with the recent MOPITT satellite observations and the bottom-up estimates up to 2006. The O3 enhancement relative to CO in continental pollution plumes traversed in the boundary layer were examined as a function of transport time from the Asian continent to the western Pacific Ocean. The observed ΔO3/ΔCO ratios show increasing tendency during eastward transport events due likely to en-route photochemical O3 formation, suggesting that East Asia is an important O3 source region during spring.
Highlights
East Asia is one of the large source regions of anthropogenic pollutants to the global atmosphere
Price et al (2004) analyzed photochemical evolution of O3 in air masses transported from Asia to the northwest United States, based on the ratio of excess O3 to excess carbon monoxide (CO) observed at Cheeka Peak Observatory (CPO) and by aircraft measurements
We coordinated simultaneous observations of O3 and CO at 8 surface sites located in the East Asia Pacific Rim from 24◦ N to 43◦ N during March 2005 when continental outflow plays a dominant role in transporting air pollutants from East Asia to the Pacific Ocean
Summary
East Asia is one of the large source regions of anthropogenic pollutants to the global atmosphere. Developing economic growth increases emissions of anthropogenic pollutants from a variety of emission sources including industry, transportation, and power plant sectors. It is challenging to estimate emissions of CO for regions where multiple emission sectors contribute to a combined net CO concentration field To overcome such difficulties, observations of chemical species, either in situ measurements or satellite observations, have been used to provide constraints on the strength and spatial distributions of their emissions. After TRACE-P Streets et al (2006) improved their a priori CO emissions inventory for China based on the model analysis of CO observed during the TRACE-P campaign They examined various causes for the large discrepancy between the bottom-up and topdown estimates, and found that the CO emissions from cement kilns, brick kilns, and the iron and steel industry were underestimated. Ambient data off the coast of the Asian continent obtained during early spring are suitable for evaluating pollution emissions from the Asian continent, since transport from the upwind source regions to the western North Pacific occurs most effectively during this time of year
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