Diagnoses associated with peripheral blood eosinophilia: A 5-year review

Praveen Akuthota,Nicholas Leverone,Sheri Tran,Jeffrey Barry

doi:10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.013

Abstract

Eosinophils are leukocytes involved in a variety of disease states, including atopic processes, drug reactions, and immunodeficiency syndromes.1,2 Although there are exceptions, for most conditions, the relationship between these cells, their abundance, and the underlying pathophysiology of disease is poorly understood and primarily speculative. There is great potential benefit in early detection and diagnosis of eosinophil-associated disease, given many are significantly steroid responsive, and newer therapies such as anti-interleukin 5 and anti–interleukin 5 receptor monoclonal antibodies have been found to be effective in several eosinophil-associated diseases, including severe asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and hypereosinophilic syndromes.

Highlights

Eosinophils are leukocytes involved in a variety of disease states, including atopic processes, drug reactions, and immunodeficiency syndromes.[1,2]
Peripheral blood eosinophilia has long been an enticing avenue for specific disease diagnosis; for many illnesses, even those with known eosinophilic pathology, the relationship and significance of elevated eosinophils in the blood to the underlying pathophysiology remain poorly understood
On the basis of these data, each case was further organized based on attributable system and ascribable cause associated with peripheral blood eosinophilia

Summary

Introduction

Eosinophils are leukocytes involved in a variety of disease states, including atopic processes, drug reactions, and immunodeficiency syndromes.[1,2] there are exceptions, for most conditions, the relationship between these cells, their abundance, and the underlying pathophysiology of disease is poorly understood and primarily speculative. A total of 2268 adult patients with at least 1 peripheral blood absolute eosinophil count greater than (but excluding) 1000 eosinophils per microliter were identified from electronic medical record data spanning a 5-year period (August 15, 2012, to August 15, 2017). On the basis of these data, each case was further organized based on attributable system and ascribable cause associated with peripheral blood eosinophilia.

Results

Conclusion