Abstract
Three sections of Injana Formation are studied in selected areas at Northern Iraq. Tewenty seven samples of sandstone are chosen for point counting and diagensis studies. The classification of these sandstone beds are feldspathic litharenite. A diagenetic study elucidates the presence of carbonate, iron oxide, clay and silicate cements, as well as compaction, replacement, recrystallization and alteration processes. Factor analysis shows three main factors controlling the distribution of mineral and rock fragments in sandstones reflecting the type of source rocks and the maturity of the sandstone beds. The first is diagensis , the second is metamorphism of the source rocks, while the third factor is the mechanical erosion of the source rocks. The study of minerals and factor analysis indicate an acidic igneous rocks affected by differential metamorphism of the source rocks with sedimentary rock (carbonate and clastic) and immature texture of sandstone rocks.
Highlights
Sandstone beds of Injana Formation (Late Miocene) (Bellen et al.,1959) were studied in three sections, northern Iraq
The sandstone of Injana Formation consists of quartz, in which monocrystalline has a higher percentage than polycrystalline
The modal analysis of the studied sandstones of Injana Formation reflected a presence of several mineral and rock fragments
Summary
Sandstone beds of Injana Formation (Late Miocene) (Bellen et al.,1959) were studied in three sections, northern Iraq These sections were chosen with total number of samples, they are taken from : Al-Khazer area at the right bank of Al-Khazer river (36 ̊ 18 ́ 23◌ً ; 43 ̊ 32 ́ 19◌ً ), Bastora valley in the southern limb of Bermam anticline ( 36 ̊ 19 ́ 47◌ً ; 44 ̊ 11 ́ 25◌ً ) and Ain Sifni area in the southern limb of Sheikhan anticline (36 ̊ 41 ́ 54◌ً ; 43 ̊ 20 ́ 05◌ً ) (Fig.-1). The objective of this research is to study the petrography, mineralogy, classification, and diagensis of sandstone and to find factors controlling the type of texture and source rocks by factor analysis of the studied sandstone samples
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