Diagenetic facies and reservoir porosity evaluation of deep high-quality clastic reservoirs: A case study of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

Jiaqi Yang,Youliang Ji,Yue Feng,Juntao Zhang,Lingjian Meng,Zhiliang He,Enze Wang,Hao Wu,Yue Zhang

doi:10.1177/0144598721998504

Abstract

Petrological analysis, thin-section observation and laboratory analysis data were selected to systematically study the physical and diagenetic features of the first member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation (Es1) in the No. 3 structural belt of the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. The intensities of different diagenetic processes were determined, the diagenetic evolution sequence was reconstructed, the typical diagenetic facies were identified and the effects of different diageneses on the reservoir were quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the main intergranular fillings include authigenic-quartz, quartz secondary enlargement, clay minerals, carbonate cement and matrix. The pore types include intergranular porosity, dissolution porosity and microfractures. The reservoir has experienced compaction, early cementation, dissolution and late cementation, among which compaction is the most important porosity reducer. Compaction was the main diagenetic process involved in porosity reduction, accounting for about 24.4% of the loss of thin-section porosity. The dissolution process clearly improved the porosity, increasing thin-section porosity by 2.7%. Five diagenetic facies were identified on the basis of petrographic analyses, namely, (a) strongly compacted-weakly cemented-weakly dissolved facies; (b) weakly compacted-strongly cemented-weakly dissolved facies; (c) moderately compacted-moderately cemented-weakly dissolved facies; (d) strongly compacted-weakly cemented-moderately dissolved facies; and (e) strongly compacted-weakly cemented-strongly dissolved facies. According to the analysis of diagenesis intensity, the porosity evolution model of various diagenetic facies was reconstructed, and the reservoir quality of various diagenetic facies was quantitatively predicted. The reservoir quality of different diagenetic facies clearly changed with depth. The best reservoir quality was in strongly compacted–weakly cemented–strongly dissolution facies, which have good sorting, contain a large amount of feldspar and soluble debris, and are mainly developed in the main part of the river channel. Our study can provide a reference for the subsequent exploration and development of deep petroleum systems.

Highlights

The Bohai Bay Basin has always been one of the key basins for oil and gas exploration in China
Different diageneses lead to great differences in reservoir quality, and there is no systematic study on the diagenetic facies of reservoirs, which restricts the subsequent exploration and development
Based on the analysis of 238 samples from the Es1 Formation in the No 3 structural belt, the results show that the quartz content is mostly 21–50%, the feldspar content is mostly 16–47%, and the rock fragment content is mostly 7–54%

Summary

Introduction

1. Diagenetic Facies A mainly developed compaction, while cementation and dissolution could not be observed in the thin-sections (Figure 5(a) and 5(b)). 4. Because Diagenetic Facies D contains many rigid particles, the grain size of the reservoir is relatively coarse and medium coarse sandstone predominates; at the same time, there is abnormally high pressure in the deep layer of the study area (Dong et al, 2014), leading to a porosity reduction of the reservoir in this diagenetic facies caused by compaction during the deposition process is weaker than the other diagenetic facies.

Results

Conclusion