Abstract
Type-1 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease resulting from autoimmune disorder involving the pancreas which causes selective destruction of beta cells responsible for insulin production. Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of type-1 diabetes mellitus. Management involves insulin administration and strict glycemic control. In this study 100 patients of type-1 diabetes were studied for retinopathy changes during a period of 2 years from December 2019 to December 2021. The age of onset of disease was noted and fundus examination was done with indirect ophthalmoscope or by using 90D lens. Laboratory workup including fasting and post-prondial blood sugars and HbA1C levels. The incidence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and clinically signicant macular edema (CSME) was noted and found to be associated with increased duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control.
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