Diabetic Nonperfused Areas in Macular and Extramacular Regions on Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Abstract

To investigate the nonperfused areas (NPAs) in each subfield segmented by large arterioles on wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) images in diabetic retinopathy. We retrospectively reviewed 101 consecutive eyes of 67 patients with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), for whom 12 × 12-mm SS-OCTA images centered on the optic disc were acquired. Both eyes were included in 34 patients. NPAs in the whole retinal layers were measured in each subfield segmented by large arterioles encompassing both the superficial and deep layers. We compared the percentage of NPAs between individual subfields, considering the overlapping of the feeding arterioles. Extramacular areas had higher rates of NPAs than macular areas in the inner (0.75-3 mm) and outer (3-5.5 mm) rings (P < 0.001 in both comparisons). The arteriolar arcades contacting the NPAs on the extramacular side were significantly longer than those contacting the NPAs on the macular side (P < 0.001). In particular, the extramacular areas between two arteriolar branches had a higher percentage of NPAs than those between two arterioles. The macular NPAs were greater in eyes with PDR than in those with severe NPDR, whereas there were no differences in the NPAs in the outer ring of extramacular areas. Wide-field OCTA images delineated that large arterioles residing in both the superficial and deep layers appear to be the perfusion boundaries, and the overlapping perfusion mediated via collateral vessels may affect the likelihood of diabetic NPAs in each subfield.