Diabetic foot

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a disease based on a violation of insulin synthesis, resulting in an increase of glucose concentration in blood with the development of hyperglycemia. The World Health Organization calls diabetes a non-infectious epidemic of our time. Violation of all types of metabolism - carbohydrate, fat, protein, water and mineral ones - occurs during this disease. The pathological process is characterized by a chronicity with the gradual development of complications, one of the most severe is the syndrome of “diabetic foot”. The development of this syndrome is based on angiopathic tissue damage involving vessels in the process against a background of severe neuropathy associated with impaired innervation. The concept of “diabetic foot” syndrome combines a complex of pathological changes affecting the peripheral nervous system, arterial bed and microvasculature, the osteoarticular apparatus of the foot, and represents a direct threat in terms of the development of ulcerative necrotic lesions and gangrene of the foot. According to the World Health Organization, “diabetic foot” syndrome develops in approximately 15% of patients with diabete, 5 or more years after the onset of the disease. In place of the slightest, sometimes not even noticed by the patient lesions on the lower extremities, a slight wound first appears, which gradually transforms into a trophic ulcer. As the process progresses, it becomes chronic, as a result of which the “diabetic foot” syndrome develops, which is extremely difficult to treat. The development of this syndrome causes amputation of the lower extremities of a non-traumatic genesis in 70% of cases.