Abstract
Background and Aim:Sepsis is characterized by loss of control of the inflammatory response, which can be triggered by various microorganisms and toxic secretions. The mortality rate increases due to impaired endothelial function caused dysfunctional organ systems. Diabetes is closely related to sepsis. The study aimed to determine the method of using animal models of sepsis diabetes through a combination of streptozotocin (STZ) and Staphylococcus aureus infection based on biological marker parameters.Materials and Methods:A total of 30 male Wistar rats of 2.5-3 months old weighing approximately 150-250 g body weight (BW) divided into six treatment groups with five replications per group were used in the study. Treatment A was negative control (healthy rats) and Treatment B was the positive control (with diabetes) where rats were given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8 intraperitoneally (IP). The blood glucose was measured on day 10, Treatment C was a positive control (bacteria), rats inoculated with S. aureus with a concentration of 108 CFU/mL on day 8 given IP and observed sepsis conditions on day 10th. Treatment group (D, E, and F): Rats given STZ dose at 45 mg/kg BW on day 8th by IP and measured blood glucose on day 10th, then inoculated with S. aureus with different concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 106 CFU/mL, and 107 CFU/mL on the 10th day, respectively, and were later observed the condition of sepsis on day 12th. Data on diabetes bacteremia were quantitative used blood glucose levels, the bacterial count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test with a confidence level of 95%. Physical examination (temperature and respiration) is qualitative.Results:Physical examination showed that all treatments had a normal temperature, an increased pulse in Groups D, E, and F and a decrease in respiratory rate in the treatment of E and F, the bacteria found in the vital organs in all groups, and CRP levels were not significantly different at all.Conclusion:Animal model of diabetes sepsis can be observed through a combination of pancreas damage, and respiration, the bacteria in the vital organs.
Highlights
Sepsis is a condition that damages the body, characterized by systemic activation of the inflammatory pathway and coagulation in response to microbial infections in ordinarily sterile parts of the body [1], and is often exacerbated by a number of conditions for metabolic disorders including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [2]
Physical examination showed that all treatments had a normal temperature, an increased pulse in Groups D, E, and F and a decrease in respiratory rate in the treatment of E and F, the bacteria found in the vital organs in all groups, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were not significantly different at all
Animal model of diabetes sepsis can be observed through a combination of pancreas damage, and respiration, the bacteria in the vital organs
Summary
Sepsis is a condition that damages the body, characterized by systemic activation of the inflammatory pathway and coagulation in response to microbial infections in ordinarily sterile parts of the body [1], and is often exacerbated by a number of conditions for metabolic disorders including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) [2]. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The mortality rate increases the number of dysfunctional organ systems [3]. Animal with sepsis diabetes experiences an increasing number of bacterial infection and dysfunction in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. The literature study on obese and diabetes models (given a high-fat diet) has a higher mortality rate when challenged with Staphylococcus aureus compared with no infection [1]. The mortality rate increases due to impaired endothelial function caused dysfunctional organ systems. The study aimed to determine the method of using animal models of sepsis diabetes through a combination of streptozotocin (STZ) and Staphylococcus aureus infection based on biological marker parameters
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