Abstract
ObjectiveThe relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes remains incompletely understood. This study evaluated diabetes risk and post-diabetes outcomes in COPD patients with and without exacerbations.MethodsWe identified 4671 adults newly diagnosed with COPD exacerbations and 9342 adults newly diagnosed with COPD without exacerbations during 2000–2008 using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. A comparison cohort of 18684 adults without COPD, matched by age and sex, was randomly selected from the same dataset for the control group. Diabetes events during 2000–2013 were ascertained from medical claims during the follow-up period. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diabetes associated with COPD with or without exacerbations were calculated. We conducted another nested cohort study of 395516 patients with diabetes hospitalization during 2002–2013 and calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs of histories of COPD and COPD exacerbations associated with adverse events after diabetes admission.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, the incidences of diabetes for patients without COPD and for patients with COPD without or with exacerbations were 3.4, 4.1 and 7.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively (P < 0.0001). Increased risk of diabetes for patients with COPD without exacerbations (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17) and COPD with exacerbations (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.88–2.52) was noted. Post-diabetes pneumonia (OR 3.28, 95% CI 3.13–3.43), intensive care admission (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.26–1.39) and mortality (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.88–2.25) were associated with COPD exacerbations.ConclusionPrevention and intervention strategies for diabetes and post-diabetes outcomes are needed for this susceptible population.
Highlights
In the United States, diabetes is one of the leading causes of adult death and disability
Increased risk of diabetes for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) without exacerbations (HR 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.17) and COPD with exacerbations (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.88–2.52) was noted
Post-diabetes pneumonia, intensive care admission and mortality were associated with COPD exacerbations
Summary
In the United States, diabetes is one of the leading causes of adult death and disability. It represents a large and rapidly growing economic burden, with an estimated cost of US$245 billion in 2012 [1,2]. Type 2 diabetes is considered a common comorbidity for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and reduced lung function [5,6,7,8,9,10]. Epidemiological investigations show that diabetes is much more likely in patients with COPD than in control subjects [11,12]. A controversial population-based study using an Italian database found patients with COPD had an increased risk for diabetes compared to non-COPD subjects [13,14]
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