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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis hold a close relationship that has been the focus of many researches. Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterised by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Evidences stated that diabetes is a major risk factor for periodontitis; susceptibility to periodontitis is increased by approximately threefold in people with diabetes. There is a clear relationship between degree of hyperglycaemia and severity of periodontitis. The mechanisms that underpin the links between these two conditions are not completely understood, but involve aspects of immune functioning, neutrophil activity, and cytokine biology. There is emerging evidence to support the existence of a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis, with diabetes increasing the risk for periodontitis, and periodontal inflammation negatively affecting glycaemic control. Oral and periodontal health should be promoted as integral components of diabetes management.
Highlights
It is truly said that “oral cavity is the reflection of the whole body”
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth Epidemiological data confirm that diabetes is a major risk factor for periodontitis; susceptibility to periodontitis is increased by approximately threefold in people with diabetes
There is a clear relationship between degree of hyperglycaemia and severity of periodontitis
Summary
It is truly said that “oral cavity is the reflection of the whole body”. According to Hunter, microorganisms and their toxins enter the body through the mouth. Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammation of the tooth supporting tissues resulting from complex multifactorial disorder that involves various microorganisms in dental plaque biofilm and interaction of host cells. These plaque bacteria and its products such as endotoxins elicits an host immunoinflammatory response. Gumus P et al [5] elucidated the signs of a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis They said that Periodontitis was a multifactorial, irreversible and cumulative condition, initiated and propagated by bacteria and host factors. Periodontitis has been recognized as a risk factor for systemic diseases where there is low grade inflammation like type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases [2]
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