Diabetes Increases Severe COVID-19 Outcomes Primarily in Younger Adults.

Abstract

Context Diabetes is reported as a risk factor for severe COVID-19, but whether this risk is similar in all categories of age remains unclear.Objective To investigate the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients with and without diabetes according to age categories.Design Setting and ParticipantsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 6,314 consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between February and June 30 2020, and follow-up recorded until 30 September 2020, in the Paris metropolitan area, France.Main Outcome Measure(s)The main outcome was a composite outcome of mortality and orotracheal intubation in subjects with diabetes compared with subjects without diabetes, after adjustment for confounding variables and according to age categories.Results Diabetes was recorded in 39% of subjects. Main outcome was higher in patients with diabetes, independently of confounding variables (HR 1.13 [1.03-1.24]) and increased with age in individuals without diabetes, from 23% for those <50 to 35% for those >80 years but reached a plateau after 70 in those with diabetes. In direct comparison between patients with and without diabetes, diabetes-associated risk was inversely proportional to age, highest in <50 and similar after 70 years. Similarly, mortality was higher in patients with diabetes (26%) than in those without diabetes (22%, p<0.001), but adjusted HR for diabetes was significant only in patients under 50 (HR 1.81 [1.14-2.87]).Conclusions Diabetes should be considered as an independent risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 in young adults more so than in older adults, especially for individuals younger than 70 years.