Abstract
Diabetes, a comprehensive genetic disease, is principally due to the deregulation of glucose levels in the blood. In addition to contemporary epidemiological studies, systematic substantiation suggests that long-term diabetes leads to cancers due to a variety of reasons. In this study, blood samples were collected with informed consent from confirmed type I diabetic (T1DM, n=25) and type II Diabetic patients (T2DM, n=25) with equal numbers of controls. Further depending on the lifestyle habits they were subdivided into smokers/non-smokers and alcoholics/non-alcoholics. Chromosomal assays were performed for these cases and it was found that there was a significant increase in chromosomal aberration frequency in diabetic patient groups who are exposed to smoking and alcohol than that of normal diabetic groups (T1DM and T2DM). On the other hand, patient groups who were non-smoking and non-alcoholics also showed higher chromosomal aberrations when compared to that of controls. While the mechanisms for these increased chromosomal aberrations in diabetic groups are not clear, they may be due to increased oxidative stress leading to oxidative damage and resulting in genomic instability, which in turn may contribute to an increased risk for cancer.
Highlights
Diabetes and cancer are complicated and multiple subtyped diseases where the incidence is growing steadily globally
Chromosomal assays were performed for these cases and it was found that there was a significant increase in chromosomal aberration frequency in diabetic patient groups who are exposed to smoking and alcohol than that of normal diabetic groups (T1DM and T2DM)
While the mechanisms for these increased chromosomal aberrations in diabetic groups are not clear, they may be due to increased oxidative stress leading to oxidative damage and resulting in genomic instability, which in turn may contribute to an increased risk for cancer
Summary
Diabetes and cancer are complicated and multiple subtyped diseases where the incidence is growing steadily globally. Earlier studies has shown that increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations results in high risk of developing cancers through different mechanisms like DNA damages and repair mechanisms (Obe et al, 2002). Diabetics are known to have an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma by 40% in both male and females. The metabolic syndromes like obesity and hypertension are the leading possible factors for renal cell carcinoma which are linked to diabetes mellitus (Satrudhan et al, 2012). Studies has shown oxidative stress correlated with DNA damage (Cinkilic et al, 2009) in T2DM and T1DM patients and an increase in genomic instability in precancerous patients (George et al, 2014). The risk of various cancers may increase in diabetic patients and on the other hand obesity, hyperglycaemia and increased oxidative stress lead to high cancer risk in diabetes. In this paper an attempt is made to correlate diabetes groups with cancer risk factors using chromosomal aberration assay
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