Abstract
Long-term complications are the main sources of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Aims: The aims of the study were to determine the rate of long-term complications in type 2 diabetic patients and to identify factors associated to these complications. Patients and method: Successive type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic center were submitted to a questionnaire and to clinical examination. Data were completed by consulting their medical reports. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: In 150 diabetic patients included in the study, the global rate of complications was 78.0%. Specific rate for itch complication investigated was 57.7% for peripheral neuropathy, 75.0% for erectile dysfunction, 20.0% for nephropathy, 36.6% for retinopathy, 40% for macroangiopathy and 8.0% for foot ulcer. Factors significantly associated with high rate of complications were age above or equal to 50 years (p = 0.001), the male gender (p = 0.000), high blood pressure (p = 0.0001), the absence of familial history of diabetes (p = 0.02), the duration of the disease above 5 years (p = 0.001) and high HbA1c level (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that type 2 diabetic patients followed up in the diabetic center in Cotonou showed a high rate of chronic complications which often occurred in a younger age than in developed countries. Numerous socio-demographic and biological factors were significantly associated with the high rate of complications.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing affection with an epidemic trend that became a public health concern problem worldwide, in developing countries where the estimated progression is higher than in developed countries [1]
Complications investigated were: 1) Peripheral neuropathy, based on the presence of subjective man if estations as paresthesia, burning feet, and the abolition of bone reflexes at the clinical examination; 2) Erectile dysfunction; 3) Nephropathy, based on the presence of proteinuria in the absence of other causes of proteinuria; 4) Macroangiopathy, based on the presence of legs arteries disease or ischemic cardiac disease; 5) Retinopathy, based on the presence of specific lesions at the fundoscopy; 6) Data on macroangiopathy were available for only 30 patients and on retinopathy for only 50 patients; 7) Statistical analysis was made using the Chi square test; 8) Research protocol was approved by the Review Board of the Institut Régional de Santé Publique
As it appears in this table, the more prevalent complication observed is neuropathy and three out of four type 2 diabetic men complained of erectile dysfunction
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing affection with an epidemic trend that became a public health concern problem worldwide, in developing countries where the estimated progression is higher than in developed countries [1]. In Benin republic, the nationwide prevalence estimated to 1.1% in 2001 grows up to 2.6% in 2008 [2] [3] confirming the worldwide epidemic trend reported by King and Rewers in 1993 and Wild in 2004 [4] [5]. The costly aspect of the affection reside in the long term complications which are sources of over morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Knowledge of factors associated with these complications can help to prevent them
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