Abstract
AbstractBackgroundHispanics/Latinos are the largest ethnic/racial group in the US, have the highest prevalence of diabetes and are at increased risk for neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, Latinos have the highest prevalence of undiagnosed and untreated diabetes in the United States. Currently, little is known about the relationship between diabetes, cognitive decline and disorders among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. The purpose of this study is to clarify these relationships in diverse middle‐aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.MethodThe Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA) is an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). HCHS/SOL is a multisite (Bronx, NY, Chicago, IL, Miami, FL, San Diego, CA), probability sampled (i.e., representative of targeted populations), and prospective cohort study. Visit 1 baseline enrollment occurred between 2008‐2011. At HCHS/SOL Visit 2 (2016‐2018), SOL‐INCA enrolled diverse Hispanics/Latinos ages 50‐years and older (n=6,377). Global cognitive decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) were the primary outcomes. Diabetes status (prevalent, Visit 1 to Visit 2 incident, and no diabetes) was the primary exposure. Associations between the cognitive outcomes and the exposure were examined using survey generalized linear models adjusting for pertinent covariates and confounders.ResultPrevalent diabetes at Visit 1, but not new incident cases of diabetes at Visit 2, was associated with significantly steeper 7‐year global cognitive decline (βGC= ‐0.16; CI= [‐0.25;‐0.07]; p<0.001), domain specific cognitive decline, and higher odds of MCI (OR=1.74; CI=[1.34; 2.26]; p<0.001) compared to persons without diabetes, in age‐ and sex‐adjusted models.ConclusionDiabetes was associated with significant 7‐year cognitive decline and increased MCI prevalence among diverse middle‐aged and older Hispanics/Latinos, but primarily among those with prevalent diabetes at Visit 1. Our findings suggest that significant cognitive decline and MCI may be considered additional disease complications of diabetes among diverse middle‐aged and older Hispanics/Latinos.
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