Abstract
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a main public health problem, the prevalence of which is continuously increasing worldwide. Due to adverse effects of renal replacement therapies, kidney transplantation seems to be the optimal form of therapy with significantly improved survival, quality of life and diminished overall costs compared with dialysis. However, post-transplant patients frequently suffer from post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) which an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cardiovascular-related deaths after transplantation. The management of post-transplant diabetes resembles that of diabetes in the general population as it is based on strict glycemic control as well as screening and treatment of common complications. Lifestyle interventions accompanied by the tailoring of immunosuppressive regimen may be of key importance to mitigate PTDM-associated complications in kidney transplant patients. More transplant-specific approach can include the exchange of tacrolimus with an alternative immunosuppressant (cyclosporine or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor), the decrease or cessation of corticosteroid therapy and caution in the prescribing of diuretics since they are independently connected with post-transplant diabetes. Early identification of high-risk patients for cardiovascular diseases enables timely introduction of appropriate therapeutic strategy and results in higher survival rates for patients with a transplanted kidney.
Highlights
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a main public health problem, the prevalence of which is continuously increasing worldwide [1]
Variables associated with the onset of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM): older recipient age (p = 0.05), male gender (p = 0.03), family history of diabetes (=0.04), advanced donor age (p = 0.008), absence of induction immunosuppression (p = 0.04), use of tacrolimus, one or more than one acute rejection episode(s) (p = 0.000001), cytomegalovirus infection (p = 0.02), and use of β-blockers or diuretics (p = 0.05)
The results of our study suggest an association between the C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) gene rs1024611 G allele and PTDM in patients treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine
Summary
End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is a main public health problem, the prevalence of which is continuously increasing worldwide [1]. The analysis of the panel of 18 SNPs within genes of IL or their receptors revealed that of them (61.1%) were significantly associated with PTDM development after adjusting for sex, age and tacrolimus usage, which may confirm the thesis that inflammation of islet β cells is vital in the pathogenesis of PTDM in renal transplantation recipients [80]. These polymorphisms were in IL-1B (rs3136558), IL-2 (rs2069762), IL-4 (rs2243250, rs2070874), IL-7R (rs1494558, rs2172749), IL-17RE (rs1124053), IL-17R (rs2229151, rs4819554), and IL17RB (rs1043261, rs1025689).
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