DFT, spectroscopic, DSC/TGA, electronic, biological and molecular docking investigation of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid: A promising anticancer agent

Abstract

The molecular structural and various spectroscopic parameters (FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV–Visible) were determined by using quantum mechanical computation for 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (2,5-TDCA) molecule: a potential anticancer agent. The optimized geometrical parameters (monomer, dimer and trimer) were computed by B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) method and compared with related XRD data. The spectral studies of 2,5-TDCA molecule were adopted by recording FT-IR (4000-400 cm−1) and FT-Raman (3500-50 cm−1) spectroscopic techniques. The fundamental vibrational modes were computed for monomer and dimer, the vibrational assignments were done by finding Total Energy Distribution (TED) for each normal modes of vibrations by VEDA software. Mulliken charage analysis for monomer, dimer and trimer were analyzed by the same method. The UV–Vis absorption spectrum was recorded and correlated with electronic properties by TD-DFT method in gas and acetone phase by B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) method. The charge transfers happen within 2,5-TDCA molecule as well as in dimer form were investigated by using Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) approach. The MEP analysis was utilized for predicting the electrophilic and nucleophilic site in the 2,5-TDCA molecule. Total Density of State (TDOS) and Partial Density of State (PDOS) were also computed by Gauss Sum software. The non-covalent interaction of 2,5-TDCA was studied by adopting Reduced Density Gradient (RDG) and color filled electron density diagram. Thermodynamic properties have been performed by computing various thermodynamical parameters. The Electron density, Laplacian of electron density, Lagrangian Kinetic Energy, Hamiltonian Kinetic Energy and H-Bond energy at the bond critical point using Atoms in Molecule (AIM) theory reveal that there is a possibility of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The DSC/TGA analysis was carried out to find the decomposition of molecule with respect to temperature. The biological activity of the 2,5-TDCA molecule were studied by using molecular docking analysis to identify hydrogen bond length and binding energies with different cancer protein. The 2,5-TDCA compound has been screened and found to exhibit anti-bacterial activity.