Abstract
Dextran aldehyde (dexOx), resulting from the periodate oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diol moiety inside dextran, is a polymer that is very useful in many areas, including as a macromolecular carrier for drug delivery and other biomedical applications. In particular, it has been widely used for chemical engineering of enzymes, with the aim of designing better biocatalysts that possess improved catalytic properties, making them more stable and/or active for different catalytic reactions. This polymer possesses a very flexible hydrophilic structure, which becomes inert after chemical reduction; therefore, dexOx comes to be highly versatile in a biocatalyst design. This paper presents an overview of the multiple applications of dexOx in applied biocatalysis, e.g., to modulate the adsorption of biomolecules on carrier surfaces in affinity chromatography and biosensors design, to serve as a spacer arm between a ligand and the support in biomacromolecule immobilization procedures or to generate artificial microenvironments around the enzyme molecules or to stabilize multimeric enzymes by intersubunit crosslinking, among many other applications.
Highlights
Enzymes are undoubtedly the most efficient catalysts ever known, as they can proficiently perform their catalytic function under mild conditions, in a very specific and selective manner [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
It remained possible to recover the initial immunoactivity by incubating the biosensor in a high concentration of buffering solutions, suggesting that this problem was derived from the collapse of the antibody on the support aminated surface
As well as the multiple applications that it presents, make dexOx an valuable biomolecule to solve some critical situations in biosensor and biocatalysts design, including extremely valuable biomolecule to solve some critical situations in biosensor and biocatalysts design, enzyme immobilization and purification
Summary
Enzymes are undoubtedly the most efficient catalysts ever known, as they can proficiently perform their catalytic function under mild conditions, in a very specific (modifying only the target physiological substrate) and selective (producing only the target product) manner [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] As a result, they are extremely useful in very diverse areas of application. Chemical modification and enzyme immobilization [66,67,68,69,70] are evolving in order to allow the development of more specific and directed enzymatic modifications In this sense, dextran aldehyde (hereinafter referred as dexOx) has been used in many cases in the design of improved biocatalysts [70,71]. This review will focus on the different uses of this polymer in the design of improved biocatalysts
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