Dexamethasone and Insulin Modulate Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Activity and Alanine Oxidation in C2C12 Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner.

Abstract

The muscle cells myocytes are differentiated for the purpose of contraction function, which plays a major role in body metabolism and energy haemostasis, through different metabolic pathways, such as glucose and protein metabolic pathways. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) plays a crucial role by reversibly catalysing transamination between alanine and a-ketoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate and by mediating the conversion of these four major intermediate metabolites. ALT plays important roles for energy homeostasis during fasting and prolonged exercise anaerobically, when muscle protein must first be broken down into its constituent amino acids. Mouse skeletal myoblast cell line C2C12 was cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) growth medium, supplied with 2% horse serum supplemented with 1 uM insulin, 2 mM glutamineand penicillin and streptomycin antibiotics for seven days. The differentiation medium is refreshed every 24 hours. Then, C2C12 cells were treated with insulin and dexamethasone to examine their effects on myocytes' ALT activity. In our study, we found an impact on ALT activity under different influences, including C2C12 differentiation, dexamethasoneand insulin treatments, which shed light on the dynamic interplay between ALT activity, alanine metabolism, and cellular states, like differentiation and stress responses. The study provides valuable insights into the dynamic regulation of ALT activity and alanine metabolism in C2C12 cells across differentiationand drug treatments. Further research is encouraged to explore the underlying mechanisms and their implications for muscle function, differentiationand potential therapeutic interventions in metabolic disorders.