Devlopment and Commercialization of Cell Based Viral Vaccines for Animal Health in National Immunization in India

Abstract

Cell Biology is dynamic in synthesizing enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates, polysaccharides helping the living man and animals for continuous growth in mammalian system. Single cell protein as customized and designer cells are being produced for cloning, stem cell research in biology even artificially growing organs for transplantation in man and animals is of great importance in cell biology. National Immunization programme have helped to eradicate small pox and rinderpest from man and animals in this planet both are viral infectious disease which is a great threat to life. Therefore BHK 21, Vero cell line and many more are being exploited for production of vaccine for Polio and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) as a next level cost effective vaccine production to control Polio and FMD globally including Rabies in man and animals. In order to develop vaccines which need to be produced in large scale one has to first grow the viruses with which they want to develop the vaccines in large quantities and with great consistency. Compared with bacteria, which can be grown in a laboratory environment when placed in a suitable growth medium, viruses cannot reproduce on their own and require living cells to infect. After a virus infects a cell, it uses the cell’s own components to produce more copies of itself. The cells can be used as a substrate for development of the vaccines and making the cell banks and virus bank. The Master Cell Bank of the cells can be used years together for the cell maintenance and can be used to expand the cells from T-175 to 3000 L in Bioreactor after that they will be infected with the virus against which one need to produce the vaccine, observation for development of cytopathic effect is carried out, then Harvested, Clarified and stored with labeling at proper temperature, which can be used for further formulation and filling and downstream processing. The type of media which is going to be used for normal culture of cells and infection varies significantly. In case of media which need to be used for growing the cells will be normal growth medium with defined percentage of serum but in case of the media which need to be used for infection will be serum free and called as virus infection media (VIM). The cells being used for production of the vaccine will be subjected to characterization in the context of identity, adventitious agent and other type of testing etc. The different types of cell lines will be used for the quality control testing and production as per the type of the vaccine to be produced. The BHK21, Vero, CHO, HeLa etc are some of the examples of the them, the monolayer and suspension characteristics of the cell line can be used differently depending upon the characteristics of the virus to be grown. As some viruses is having the characteristics to grow in monolayer whereas some in suspension and also some viruses in both monolayer and suspension.