Abstract
Device-independent randomness generation and quantum key distribution protocols rely on a fundamental relation between the non-locality of quantum theory and its random character. This relation is usually expressed in terms of a trade-off between the probability of guessing correctly the outcomes of measurements performed on quantum systems and the amount of violation of a given Bell inequality. However, a more accurate assessment of the randomness produced in Bell experiments can be obtained if the value of several Bell expressions is simultaneously taken into account, or if the full set of probabilities characterizing the behavior of the device is considered. We introduce protocols for device-independent randomness generation secure against classical side information, that rely on the estimation of an arbitrary number of Bell expressions or even directly on the experimental frequencies of measurement outcomes. Asymptotically, this results in an optimal generation of randomness from experimental data (as measured by the min-entropy), without having to assume beforehand that the devices violate a specific Bell inequality.
Highlights
In recent years, researchers have uncovered a fundamental relationship between the non-locality of quantum theory and its random character
This observation raises the following question: can one devise a DI randomness generation (RNG) or quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol that does not rely on the estimation of any a priori chosen Bell inequality, but which instead takes directly into account all the data generated by the devices?
We introduce a DIRNG protocol whose security holds against an adversary limited to classical side information, or equivalently, with no long-term quantum memory. (Note that such a level of security may well be sufficient for all practical purposes [14, 15].) Technically, our protocol is obtained by generalizing the security analysis introduced in [14, 15] and combining it with the semidefinite programming techniques introduced in [19, 20] for lower-bounding the randomness based on the full set of probabilities p
Summary
Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Abstract. Any further distribution of fundamental relation between the non-locality of quantum theory and its random character We introduce protocols for device-independent randomness generation secure against classical side information, that rely on the estimation of an arbitrary number of Bell expressions or even directly on the experimental frequencies of measurement outcomes. This results in an optimal generation of randomness from experimental data (as measured by the min-entropy), without having to assume beforehand that the devices violate a specific Bell inequality
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