Abstract
The use of mechanical circulatory support in adults has grown significantly. However, the use of mechanical circulatory support in the pediatric population has been limited due to the small number of potential pediatric recipients. In addition, the design of small blood pumps is challenging due to the increased importance of fluid viscous effects as pump dimensions are reduced, which may lead to thrombus formation. The Pennsylvania State University is developing a pediatric ventricular assist device (PVAD) based on the successful adult-sized Pierce-Donachy (Thoratec™) VAD. The advantages of this approach include physiologic pulsatility, non-thrombogenicity, durability, and application as uni-ventricular or bi-ventricular support. Two pediatric pump sizes are being developed: a 10 ml dynamic stroke volume pump for infants, and a 25 ml stroke volume pump for children. The PVAD is intended to provide ventricular support for up to 6 months. Inlet cannulae are also being developed. In vitro testing of the new 10 ml PVAD demonstrates a maximum output of 1.5 liters/min. Related studies currently underway include in vitro measurements of the flow field using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), hemodynamic performance, hemolysis, and durability. A novel pneumatic portable driver, based on actuator technology developed for electrically-powered implantable blood pumps, is also being developed.
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