Abstract
Vapor-compression systems are still the most widely used type of automotive cooling systems despite their high energy consumption and negative environmental effects. This article gives a review of the carried out developments and the future trends for this type of automotive air-conditioning systems which have served vehicle occupants for more than 50 years. After going over a brief historical progression of the system, the circulating refrigerant developments were presented. Only few refrigerants meet the imposed attributes (e.g. zero ozone depletion potential, low global warming potential), and CO2 as well as R1234yf have a big potential to be the future refrigerants. Then, the developments related to the other major system components were outlined. In this context, the future trends show that the scroll compressor besides the evaporator and the condenser having parallel flow and micro-channels are the most promising for the next generation of (air-conditioning) systems. Concerning the control of the co...
Highlights
Transportation vehicles, the horse of the modern societies, are one of the biggest energy consumers
Transportation accounts for about 30% of all energy consumption worldwide,[2] and more than 90% of this energy comes from fossil fuels
The automotive A/C systems are designed to control the temperature, humidity, and air circulation within the vehicular cabin for producing comfortable conditions. This task is accomplished by a number of major components and secondary ones such as fans and sensors
Summary
Transportation vehicles, the horse of the modern societies, are one of the biggest energy consumers. Based on the previous considerations, significant research efforts are devoted during the last 50 years to improve the automotive vapor-compression systems. The automotive A/C systems are designed to control the temperature, humidity, and air circulation within the vehicular cabin for producing comfortable conditions This task is accomplished by a number of major components (compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve, and dryer) and secondary ones such as fans and sensors. 4. The most worldwide expansion of A/C systems was in 2010 and more than 99% of new cars were conditioned in the United States, Europe, and other countries. A new category of refrigerants for automotive cooling systems was invented and the predominant one was R-134a These alternatives must have zero ozone depletion potential (ODP).
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