Abstract

The systematic design of a water distribution system network has so far been an exception rather than a routine matter due to the labor and time involved in the process. New methods that have come into vogue have relieved much of the time-consuming and tedious nature of the analysis. The developments in the hydraulic analysis from trial and error and Hardy Cross methods, to electric pipeline analyzer and digital computing methods, the evolution of methods for systems balance, and direct and optimum design of water distribution networks, are presented. The respective advantages and limitations of each method are brought forth. Studies of the various methods show that lacunae still exist in the systems analysis and optimal design of a water system network.

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