Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for 15%–20% of cases of acute infection, and chronic HCV infection is developed in about 50%–80% of HCV patients. Unfortunately, due to the lack of proper medical care, difficulty in screening for HCV infection, and lack of awareness resulted in chronic HCV infection in 71 million people on a global scale, and about 399,000 deaths in 2016. It is crucial to recognize that the effective use of antiviral medicines can cure more than 95% of HCV infected people. The Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) aim is to reduce the new HCV infections and the HCV associated mortality by 90% and 65%, respectively. Therefore, the methods that are simple, yet powerful enough to detect HCV infections with high sensitivity, specificity, and a shorter window period are crucial to restrain the global burden of HCV healthcare. This article focuses on the technologies used for the detection of HCV in clinical specimens.
Highlights
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae that accounts for 15%–20% cases of acute infection, and chronic HCV infection is developed in about 50%–80% of HCV patients
At present,ofvarious serological based on enzyme immunoassay (CIA), rapid immunoassays (RA) including agglutination (AGL) and immune-filtration (IMF), recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA), electrochemical immunosensor HCV detection (EI), nano-metal technology (NT) including gold nanoparticles (GNP) and quantum dots (QDs), and lateral flow assay (LFAs) are widely used for the HCV screening in clinical specimens
The screening of HCV in the general population is of paramount importance to control hepatitis associated illness including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and possibly hepatocellular carcinoma, because they are preventable
Summary
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae that accounts for 15%–20% cases of acute infection, and chronic HCV infection is developed in about 50%–80% of HCV patients. At present,ofvarious serological based on enzyme immunoassay (CIA), rapid immunoassays (RA) including agglutination (AGL) and immune-filtration (IMF), recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA), electrochemical immunosensor HCV detection (EI), nano-metal technology (NT) including gold nanoparticles (GNP) and quantum dots (QDs), and lateral flow assay (LFAs) are widely used for the HCV screening in clinical specimens. The development of a highly sensitive point-of-care (POC) test for screening of HCV in resource-limited settings is crucial to provide a lower cost of healthcare in developing countries Nano-metal technology; GNP, gold nanoparticles; QDs, quantum dots; LFA, lateral flow assay
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