Abstract
Doping and its consequences on the electronic features, optoelectronic features, and magnetism of graphynes (GYs) are reviewed in this work. First, synthetic strategies that consider numerous chemically and dimensionally different structures are discussed. Simultaneous or subsequent doping with heteroatoms, controlling dimensions, applying strain, and applying external electric fields can serve as effective ways to modulate the band structure of these new sp2/sp allotropes of carbon. The fundamental band gap is crucially dependent on morphology, with low dimensional GYs displaying a broader band gap than their bulk counterparts. Accurately chosen precursors and synthesis conditions ensure complete control of the morphological, electronic, and physicochemical properties of resulting GY sheets as well as the distribution of dopants deposited on GY surfaces. The uniform and quantitative inclusion of non-metallic (B, Cl, N, O, or P) and metallic (Fe, Co, or Ni) elements into graphyne derivatives were theoretically and experimentally studied, which improved their electronic and magnetic properties as row systems or in heterojunction. The effect of heteroatoms associated with metallic impurities on the magnetic properties of GYs was investigated. Finally, the flexibility of doped GYs’ electronic and magnetic features recommends them for new electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Highlights
Carbon exhibits the greatest flexibility of its first coordination sphere, which is usually presented in textbooks as sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridizations
Nitrogen heterocycles bearing terminal ethynyl groups were polymerized through Glaser coupling reactions at interfaces. This procedure was expanded to the synthesis of S-doped graphdiyne (TTF-GDY) structures comprising tetrathiafulvalene fractions (Figure 10C) and has this potential to be applied as a robust route for the synthesis of a wide range of heteroatom-rich graphyne-like structures in the future [101]
density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the OH groups at the chain of the GDY layer are a considerable source of unpaired electrons and may favor antiferromagnetism in annealed GDY
Summary
Carbon exhibits the greatest flexibility of its first coordination sphere, which is usually presented in textbooks as sp, sp , and sp hybridizations. Due to structural similarities withpotential graphene,for these respectively, and and interesting magnetic have shown nanoematerials are considered to be excellent candidates for carbonaceous electronic devices, and lectronics and spintronics [29,30,31]. 2 -hybridized carbon systems, graphene, and competition for more common sp tical, and mechanical features of GYs, a tremendous amount of research effort has been dedicated by theoretical, applied, and synthetic chemists. Due to the broad spectrum of intense scientific activities related to the development of new forms of GYs, this work emphasizes recent developments in this field, especially dealing with newly obtained heteroatom-doped structures and investigating the synergic effects of heteroatoms, metal oxides, and metal ions on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of doped GYs. In this work, we focus our attention on theoretical and experimental research into the magnetism of pristine and doped GYs
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