Developments in Platinum-Group Metals as Dual Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents

Ayodele T Odularu,Johannes Z Mbese,Opeoluwa O Oyedeji,Peter A Ajibade

doi:10.1155/2019/5459461

Ayodele T Odularu, Johannes Z Mbese + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5459461

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Abstract

Platinum-group (PG) complexes have been used as antibacterial and anticancer agents since the discovery of cisplatin. The science world still requires improvement on these complexes because of multidrug and antineoplastic resistances. This review observes discoverers and history of these platinum-group metals (PGMs), as well as their beneficial applications. The focus of this study was biological applications of PGMs in relation to human health. Sandwich and half-sandwich PGM coordination compounds and their metal nanoparticles give improved results for biological activities by enhancing efficient delivery of both antibacterial and anticancer drugs, as well as luminescent bioimaging (biomarkers) for biological identifications.

Highlights

According to McQuitty, Ellahioui et al, Marques, and Rajini et al, many years ago, metals were considered for medicinal uses to treat diseases [1,2,3,4]
Resistance to antibiotics is a threat to public health against eliminating bacterial infections [5l]. In controlling these diseases and circumventing the drawbacks experienced in the use of organic-based drugs, d-block metals called transition metals possess unique electronic structures, which enable them to be versatile by modifying the properties of a certain molecule [1]. Among these transition metals are platinum-group metals (PGMs). ey are a group of six transition d-block metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table. ese PGMs are iridium, osmium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, and ruthenium. ey are called platidises, platinides, platinoids, platinum family, platinum group, platinum metals, or platinum-group elements (PGEs). ey possess similar physical and chemical characteristics and have propensity to be in the same mineral ores’ deposits
There is a subclassification into the iridium-group platinum-group elements (IPGEs: Ir, Os, and Ru) and the palladium-group platinum-group elements (PPGEs: Rh, Pd, and Pt) on the basis of their performances in geological systems. e PGMs coordination compounds belong to conventional chemotherapy, as well as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)

Summary

Introduction

According to McQuitty, Ellahioui et al, Marques, and Rajini et al, many years ago, metals were considered for medicinal uses to treat diseases [1,2,3,4]. Resistance to antibiotics is a threat to public health against eliminating bacterial infections [5l] In controlling these diseases and circumventing the drawbacks experienced in the use of organic-based drugs, d-block metals called transition metals possess unique electronic structures, which enable them to be versatile by modifying the properties of a certain molecule [1]. Among these transition metals are platinum-group metals (PGMs). Ese drawbacks warrant an urgent need to design and develop chemotherapy which can target the bacterial and cancerous cells In this manner, it will control the drawbacks and at the same time increase the therapeutic effectiveness. Nanocarriers have many merits as drug carrier systems, but lack of biodegradation, reduced bioavailability, unstable circulation, insufficient tissue distribution, and possible toxicity are challenges over the safety, most especially when it comes to long administration. is study aimed to explore the history of PGMs, general uses, and extensive biological relevance of PGMs with their nanoparticles to human health

The PGMs

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Findings

Conclusion and Future Direction