Abstract
Microorganisms can be used to solubilize managenese in manganiferous oxide ores. The organisms usually use manganese as a terminal electron acceptor reducing it to Mn(II). Manganese-reducing organisms have been isolated from freshwater and ocean sediments, marine nodules, and ore samples. These organisms require, an organic source of carbon which can be provided in the form of molasses or other food industry waste products. The manganese-reducing bacteria and fungi can be used to extract manganese from low-grade, manganiferous ore, to separate manganese from iron in ferromanganiferous ore, and to release silver from refractory manganese oxide ores.
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