Abstract
This paper reviews three ways in which existing brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination plants can be modified to increase overall water recovery from the 70–75% range to the 90–95% range. The three techniques used to increase plant recovery are: (i) seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) for water recovery on the BWRO brine stream; (ii) ZeeWeed ® ultrafiltration immersed membranes for water recovery from the multi-media filter backwash; (iii) Crystallizer + ZeeWeed ® ultrafiltration immersed membranes to increase the recovery of the SWRO. Details of the three techniques, along with detailed water chemistry data from an existing 22,710 m 3/d brackish water treatment plant in Saja'a, Sharjah Emirate, UAE will be presented to show the recovery increases possible from each technique. Limitations to further recovery increases will also be identified. In addition to the technical details, basic data are presented to provide an economic comparison (US$/m 3) of these alternatives in comparison to current costs for seawater desalination.
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