Developments in fuel cells and electrochemical batteries using nanoparticles and nanofluids

Abstract

Addressing the world's requirements for energy in a reasonable manner is broadly viewed as perhaps the biggest difficulty challenging mankind in the 21st century. Almost a billion people around the world do not have access to electricity, and around 3 billion people rest on nonrenewable energy sources resulting in massive air pollution, which creates an expected 7 million passing for each year. Therefore, there is a need of measures to incorporate to diminish energy utilization and utilization of electricity using fuel cells, solar cells, batteries and so on. Many previous studies have confirmed on the technical and economic benefits using nanotechnology for sustainable energy production. This paper reviews studies on impact of nanofluids and nanoparticles in fuel cells and electrochemical batteries. The objective of this paper is to use the various types of nanoparticles or nanofluids and applying them as cell components (like electrodes and electrolyte) or electrocatalysts, which would affect directly in the improvement of electrical power of the cell/battery.