Developmental trends in speed of semantic memory retrieval

Abstract

Speed of semantic memory retrieval has been implicated as an important component of developmental differences on a wide range of cognitive tasks, including verbal problem solving and memory for verbal materials. This article critically examines the evidence regarding developmental trends in speed of retrieval of semantic information with particular attention to the theoretical assumptions underlying the methods used in existing studies. Review of studies using simple naming latencies, name vs physical matching, and categorization times indicates that speed of semantic memory retrieval is not a simple, unitary ability but instead may vary with the kind of information accessed. In addition, speed of retrieval may be related to other factors such as age-related trends in use of strategies and organization of semantic memory. It is suggested that researchers have generally failed to focus on the time course of retrieval and consequently have neglected the role that active decision processes may play in the tasks used. Alternative methods that address the locus and possible causes of children's slower performance are suggested.