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Abstract
Odontoblasts act as dentin formation and sensory receptors. Recently, it was reported that transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) 1, TRP vanilloid (TRPV) 4 and pannexin 1 (PANX-1) play important roles in odontoblast sensory reception. However, it is not known when odontoblasts begin to possess a sense reception function. The aim of this study was to clarify the development of odontoblasts as sense receptors. Sections of mandibular first molars from postnatal day (PN) 0 to PN12 Wistar rats were prepared for hematoxylin–eosin staining. Immunohistochemically, we used anti-dentin sialoprotein (DSP), anti-TRPA1, anti-TRPV4, anti-PANX-1, and anti-neurofilament (NF) antibodies. In addition, we investigated TRPA1 and TRPV4 expression by reverse transcriptional quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). At PN0, undifferentiated odontoblasts showed no immunoreaction to anti-DSP, anti-TRPA1, anti-TRPV4, or anti-PANX-1 antibodies. However, immunopositive reactions of these antibodies increased during odontoblast differentiation at PN3 and PN6. An immunopositive reaction of the anti-NF antibody appeared in the odontoblast neighborhood at PN12, when the odontoblasts began to form root dentin, and this appeared later than that of the other antibodies. By RT-qPCR, expression of TRPA1 at PN6 was significantly lower than that at PN0 (p < 0.05) and PN3 (p < 0.01). Expression of TRPV4 at PN6 was significantly lower than that at PN0 (p < 0.01) and PN3 (p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that odontoblasts may acquire sensory receptor function after beginning to form root dentin, when TRPA1, TRPV4, PANX-1 channels, and nerve fibers are completely formed.
Highlights
Dental pulp, surrounded by hard tissue, is classified as loose connective tissue and is the only soft tissue among tooth components
Based on our results and previous research, it is suggested that the TRPA1 and TRPV4 channels of odontoblasts may play a role as sensory receptors around PN12 when the odontoblasts have already finished forming coronal dentin and have started to form root dentin
In our reverse transcriptional quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) study, the mRNA level of TRPA1 was high at the onset of protein detection, and TRPV4 before protein detection was higher than that after protein detection
Summary
Dental pulp, surrounded by hard tissue, is classified as loose connective tissue and is the only soft tissue among tooth components. Most cells are fibroblasts, and are referred to as dental pulp cells. Among the functions of dental pulp are dentin formation, sense reception and nutrition supply to dentin and so on. There are several theories regarding the sense reception of dental pulp: the hydrodynamic theory, the nerve endings theory and the odontoblast transducer. Hydrodynamic theory is the most widely accepted theory, the sensitivity of the pulp reception mechanism remains unknown
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