Developmental plasticity in thermal tolerance: ontogenetic variation, persistence, and future directions

Abstract

Ectothermic animals represent most of the animal diversity on the planet and yet, are the most challenged by rising temperatures. As such, understanding the factors affecting thermal tolerance is crucial for predicting the impact climate change will have on ectotherms. However, the role developmental plasticity plays in allowing populations to cope with thermal extremes is poorly understood. Neglecting how early environmental experiences shape thermal tolerance (i.e., developmental plasticity) may be an important oversight given that early life experiences have major and often persistent effects on phenotypes. To quantify the acute and persistent influence of early thermal environments on thermal tolerance, we systematically reviewed 6000 studies and meta-analysed data from 150 studies. In this talk, I will address the following questions: How much do early thermal environments impact heat tolerance, and is that enough to compensate for rising temperatures? Are embryos more plastic than juveniles? Do early thermal environments have persistent influence on heat tolerance? What is the current state of knowledge and what are pressing future directions in the field?