Abstract
To understand the development of the mucous preglottal salivary gland in Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), morphological and histochemical studies were performed on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos (aging from 10th to 17th incubation days) and 25 healthy quail chicks (aging from 0th to 60th days). The primordia of preglottal salivary gland were observed as an epithelial bud at the early embryonic stage, which then elongated and differentiated into secretory units by the end of this stage. In Japanese quails, the preglottal salivary gland was a mucous polystomatic tubuloalveolar unpaired gland composed of two lateral portions and a middle one embedded into the submucosa of the lingual root. The gland openings accompanied taste pore (8.17 μm) of taste buds associated salivary glands type; some skeletal muscle fibers embedded among secretory lobules extended from muscle cricohyoideus at 14th day-old quail chick. Also, both herbts corpuscles and secretory motor plexus could be detected among secretory lobules. Based on our investigations, the development of the preglottal salivary gland could clearly be distinguished in the embryonic stage into pre bud and bud stages at 10th day old, cord and branching stages ended by cavitation at 11th day old, canalization stage at 13th day old, lobulation and secretory stages by the 17th day old. The secretory materials showed different histochemical reactions ended with highly alcinophilic mucous indicated highly sialomucin (acidic) content. Myoepithelial cells could be demonstrated at a 17-day old quail embryo and thereafter surrounded the secretory endpieces of the preglottal salivary gland.
Highlights
The salivary glands are characteristic features of the upper digestive tract of birds and these glands have been identified in numerous avian species 1 (Japanese quail); 2,3 (Avian); 4; 5; 6 (The little egret); 7 (The White-tailed eagle); 8 including domestic poultry [4,9,10,11,12,13]
The present investigation focused on the studying the histology and histochemistry of the preglottal salivary glands of the tongue in female and male Japanese quails during the pre- and post-hatching period in addition to determine alcinophilic changes accompanied the secretion
The present study revealed that at 10 days pre-hatching the primordia of the preglottal salivary gland was observed as a thickening in the dorsal epithelium of tunica mucosa of the lingual root (Fig. 1A)
Summary
The salivary glands are characteristic features of the upper digestive tract of birds and these glands have been identified in numerous avian species 1 (Japanese quail); 2,3 (Avian); 4 (birds); 5 (chicken); 6 (The little egret); 7 (The White-tailed eagle); 8 (the black African ostrich) including domestic poultry [4,9,10,11,12,13]. Salivary glands are well developed in birds, which consume a dry diet. Glandular tissue is absent while others display a seasonal change in gland size 2. The main functions of the salivary glands were to produce the saliva which can facilitate feed moisten and lubrication. Several investigations on the histology and histochemistry of the salivary glands of the birds have been made. The knowledge about the histogenesis and the mucins histochemistry of the salivary glands is not known during the pre- and post-hatching period. The present investigation focused on the studying the histology and histochemistry of the preglottal salivary glands of the tongue in female and male Japanese quails during the pre- and post-hatching period in addition to determine alcinophilic changes accompanied the secretion
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