Abstract
To summarize the results of studies investigating the effects of perinatal methadone and heroin exposure on subsequent infant development is difficult. The research is confounded by the lack of controlled studies, variations in methodology, and problems inherent in using subjects with variable exposure to a wide range of drugs. Despite these limitations, consistencies across studies are found. These are developmental delays, particularly in habituation to visual stimuli and in complex motor skills, and behavior disturbances. Follow-up research is recommended to determine the persistence of these delays, and early intervention is recommended in the areas of improving prenatal health care and facilitating the parent-infant bond, thereby enhancing meaningful social and sensory stimulation for the infant prenatally exposed to methadone or heroin.
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