Developmental defects of the enamel and its impact on the oral health quality of life of children resident in Southwest Nigeria

Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan,Bamidele Olubukola Popoola,Nneka Maureen Chukwumah,Nneka Kate Onyejaka,Titus Ayo Oyedele,Folake Barakat Lawal,Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola

doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0622-3

Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Bamidele Olubukola Popoola + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0622-3

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Abstract

BackgroundDevelopmental defects of the enamel (DDE) increase the risk for diseases that impact negatively on the quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health quality of life of children with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia; and assess if caries worsened the impact of these lesions on the quality of life.MethodsThis study recruited 853 6 to 16-years-old school children. They filled the Child-OIDP questionnaire. The MIH, enamel hypoplasia, caries and oral hygiene status was assessed. Poisson regression was used to determine the impact of MIH and enamel hypoplasia on the oral health quality of life, after adjusting for the effect of sex, age, socioeconomic class, oral hygiene and caries status.ResultsThe prevalence of MIH and enamel hypoplasia was 2.9% and 7.6% respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean child-OIDP scores of children with or without MIH (p = 0.57), children with or without enamel hypoplasia (p = 0.48), and children with enamel hypoplasia with and without caries (p = 0.30). Children with enamel hypoplasia and caries had worse outcomes for speaking (p = 0.01). Children with middle (AOR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.60–4.67; P < 0.01) and low (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.04–2.95; p = 0.03) socioeconomic status, and those with caries (AOR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.26–3.22; p = 0.03) had their oral health quality of life negatively impacted.ConclusionMIH and enamel hypoplasia had no significant impact on the overall oral health quality of life of children resident in southwestern Nigeria. However, children with caries and those from middle and low socioeconomic classes had poorer oral health quality of life.

Highlights

Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) increase the risk for diseases that impact negatively on the quality of life
There was no significant difference in the number of children with and those without caries who had MIH (p = 0.21) and those who had enamel hypoplasia (p = 0.38)
The prevalence of caries was higher in children with enamel hypoplasia when compared with children who had MIH (p = 0.01)

Summary

Introduction

Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) increase the risk for diseases that impact negatively on the quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the oral health quality of life of children with molarincisor-hypomineralisation (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia; and assess if caries worsened the impact of these lesions on the quality of life. Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) can be classified into two distinct categories: those that affect the quality (hypomineralisation) and those that affect the quantity (hypoplasia) of the enamel [2]. One of the most studied forms of hypomineralised enamel is molar hypomineralisation [MIH]. The defect caused by MIH appears in white, yellow or brown colour, reflecting the hypomineralised nature, while hypoplasia presents as an area of reduced thickness of the enamel in form of pits, grooves, and bands

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