Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth: prevalence and associated factors

Abstract

Studies on the prevalence of enamel defects in the primary dentition as a whole are scarce, as most investigations examine specific population groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of enamel defects in primary teeth and determine whether prematurity, birthweight, and socio-demographic variables are associated with such defects. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 381 children aged 3-5 years. Data were collected through clinical examinations and interviews with parents during the National Immunisation Day. The diagnosis of enamel defects was performed using the Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index. Through interviews, information was collected on socio-demographic aspects, pregnancy, birthweight, prematurity, and breastfeeding. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program for Windows and involved descriptive analysis, Fisher's exact test, the chi-square test, and Poisson regression. The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel was 29.9%. Demarcated opacity was the most frequent type of defect. Children with a history of very low birthweight had a greater prevalence of enamels defects (PR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.66-4.61). Prematurity and socio-demographic variables were not associated with enamel defects. Children with a history of very low birthweight had a greater frequency of enamel defects in primary teeth.