Abstract
SummaryAlmost all experts in human sexuality view heterosexuality and homo-sexuality as matters of degree rather than entirely of kind. People are seen as occupying various points along a continuum in their sexual behaviors and responsiveness from exclusive heterosexuality to exclusive homosexuality. Whether sexual orientations are established before birth, grow out of gender-role preferences established early in childhood, and/or are organized based on family and social experiences, people construct their sexual orientation over time by making sense of their sexual feelings in the context of the wider culture.Nearly all models of homosexual identity formation see development as taking place against a backdrop of stigma, which affects the processes of formation and of expression of sexual identity. It seems increasingly implausible to consider that genes, hormones, neuroanatomic differences and different social environments would either have no part in the process or would act alone to result in anything so complex as human sexual behavior and orientation. Rather, biologic, temperamental, and personality traits most likely interact with the familial and social milieu in which a child is nurtured as her/his sexuality emerges (Byne & Parsons, 1993).
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