Abstract
In modern psychology, cognitive theories are considered progressive. One speaks of cognitive development, cognitive functions, cognitive structures, cognitive styles, cognitive attitudes, cognitive dissonance, cognitive balance, cognitive needs, cognitive learning theory, cognitive personality theory, etc. Yet, the term “cognitive” is probably just as ambiguous as it is popular. Although presumably the word is always meant to express a relationship to internal conscious or unconscious processes of cognition, thought, or decision, cognitive theories deal not only with the phenomenon of cognition but also with the most varied problems and fields of psychology. A cognitive theory, therefore, need not be a theory of cognition. Beyond the consideration of internal processes, most of which are postulated to be conscious, cognitive approaches are also characterized by a preference for global explanations, complex solutions, and system-theory lines of thought.
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